http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/ PEAK Digital Repository en Fez http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58193 An anonymous poem circulated among the Jews in Berlin, Germany toward the end of the war. The poem speaks of the despair of the Jews' condition and the hope the author sees in the spirit of the Jews. Translation from Henry Lowenstein: "Today I saw 1,000 disturbed people, Today I saw 1,000 Jews, wandering into oblivion, Into the gray of the cold morning drew the condemned Leaving behind what once was their life. They stepped through the gates, glancing back, As they left everything outside, their homeland, their belongings and their happiness, Where will you be led, where ends your path? They only know this: The destination is called barbed wire! And what awaits you is misery, torture and distress, Suffering, hunger, disease; for many soon-to-follow: death. I search your eyes with a brother’s look Expecting deepest grief in this misfortune. Instead of despair one sees a deep, deep strength. And bearing and composure glows in their eyes One sees a burning will to live, sees faith and courage And sees in some faces a smile, strong and good. I am strongly moved to recognize the spirit of the people, Selected for suffering that will be overcome, That lifts itself out of misery and need, banishment, forced labor And imprisonment, with unbroken strength. Today I saw 1,000 people with disturbed faces, And saw in the grey of the morning the rays of everlasting light!" Anonymous 2011-10-12 21:57:22 http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58226 Index sized card from the A.J.D.C National Refugee Service. Printed on the front of the card, "A.J.D.C, National Refugee Service, 105 Nassau Street, New York City." Handwritten on back of the card is the name "Steinberg, Karin." 2011-10-18 11:29:26 American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58225 Index sized card from the American Consulate General Visa Division in Berlin, Germany that says "The alien Max Loewenstein has been issued Immigration Visa 6114." The card is signed by the American Vice Consul with an illegible signature. 2011-10-18 11:27:16 United States.--Consulate General (Berlin, Germany) http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58232 Baggage tag from Henry Lowenstein's crossing on the SS Marine Falcon from Southampton to the United States. The front of the tag is printed with "United States Line" and "Tourist Class Stateroom" in blue above and below an illustration of a ship. The back of the tag has been filled out by hand with H. Loewenstein, the steamer name, sailing date, departure port, arrival port, and final destination in Pennsylvania. 2011-10-18 11:42:33 United States Lines Company http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58192 Berliner Gaswerke, Berlin Gasworks, bill addressed to Dr. Max Loewenstein. Marie Loewenstein used this receipt to prove residency in a Jewish household. 2011-10-12 21:53:39 Berliner Gaswerke http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58191 Receipt and bill from Berliner Kraft- und Licht (Bewag)-Aktiengesellschaft, Berlin Power and Light, Berlin, Germany used by Marie Loewenstein to prove residency in a Jewish classified household. Front cover is an advertisement for the company. On the back cover is a list of important information. Inside left of the bill is a receipt that has been filled out and is addressed to Dr. Max Loewenstein. Inside right side is a bill addressed to Dr. Max Loewenstein, it has not been filled out. 2011-10-12 21:41:34 Berliner Kraft- und Licht (Bewag)-Aktiengesellschaft http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58221 Certificate of identity in lieu of passports for Max Loewenstein and Marie Loewenstein issued by the U. S. Consulate General in Berlin, Germany. This document was issued when the Loewensteins needed to be rushed out of Germany to the United States to save their lives. Front side is a type filled form that describes Max Loewenstein, his name, birth date and place, marital status, citizenship, occupation, height, and description. Marie Loewenstein's birth date and place are listed. Photographs of Max and Marie are stapled to the page, signed, and stamped by the consulate general. Max Loewenstein and the U. S. Consul, A. E. Hawley, have signed the form. Back side has two large square stamps titled Immigration Visa. One box is filled out for Max Loewenstein with the visa number 6114, dated June 27, 1946, and signed with Max's signature and two illegible signatures. One box is filled out for Marie Loewenstein with the visa number 25, dated July 10, 1946, and signed with Marie's signature and two illegible signatures. 2011-10-18 11:17:47 United States.--Consulate General (Berlin, Germany) http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58217 A certificate from Opfer des Faschismus.--Abteilung Opfer der Nürnberger Gesetzgebung, the City of Berlin Department of Social Welfare, certifying Max Loewenstein as a victim of the Nuremberg Laws. Includes Max's birth date and address. Stamped with the Department of Social Welfare seal and signed by the magistrate of Berlin. 2011-10-18 11:07:29 Opfer des Faschismus.--Abteilung Opfer der Nürnberger Gesetzgebung http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58200 Clothing ration card issued to Karin Steinberg. The front cover of the card is filled out by hand with Karin's name and address and stamped with the name and address of a shoemaker, "Clemens Polley, Bülowstraße 3." The back cover is stamped with the date, June 19, 1940. The inside of the card contains lists of articles of clothing and their value. The edges of the card were ration coupons and most are missing. 2011-10-12 22:20:01 http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58199 Clothing ration card issued to Marie Loewenstein. The front cover of the card is filled out by hand with Marie's name and address and stamped with the name and address of a shoemaker, "Clemens Polley, Bülowstraße 3." The inside of the card contains lists of articles of clothing and their value. The edges of the card were ration coupons and most are missing. 2011-10-12 22:17:32 http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58180 Notice of eviction addressed to Marie Loewenstein by Jüdische Kultusvereinigung zu Berlin e.V., the Jewish Cultural Association in Berlin. The letter requests its recipient come to the Jewish Cultural Association in Berlin building with every member of their household at 11:00 a.m. on March 31, 1942, a date stamp reads 31 Mar 1941. It contains a threat of "more severe measures" for failure to appear. This letter was sent to Jewish families to gather them for transportation on trains to Eastern European ghettos and concentration camps. Translation from Henry Lowenstein: "Berlin, Date of the Post Mark By official order, we inform you herewith that you are to be evicted from your residence. We ask you to please appear at our office building Oranienberger Strasse 31, third floor, on March 21, 1942, at 11am, with everyone living in your household, including children. People who are in the labor force must obtain leave of absence for this purpose. We must point out that you must appear to avoid more severe measures. The Jewish Cultural Organization of Berlin" 2011-10-12 15:57:30 Jüdische Kultusvereinigung zu Berlin e.V. http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58179 Notice of eviction addressed to Max Loewenstein by Jüdische Kultusvereinigung zu Berlin e.V., the Jewish Cultural Association in Berlin. The letter requests its recipient come to the Jewish Cultural Association in Berlin building with every member of their household at 11:00 a.m. on March 31, 1942, a date stamp reads 31 Mar 1941. It contains a threat of "more severe measures" for failure to appear. This letter was sent to Jewish families to gather them for transportation on trains to Eastern European ghettos and concentration camps. Translation from Henry Lowenstein: "Berlin, Date of the Post Mark Mr. Max Loewenstein, By official order, we inform you herewith that you are to be evicted from your residence. We ask you to please appear at our office building Oranienberger Strasse 31, third floor, on March 21, 1942, at 11am, with everyone living in your household, including children. People who are in the labor force must obtain leave of absence for this purpose. We must point out that you must appear to avoid more severe measures. The Jewish Cultural Organization of Berlin" 2011-10-12 15:53:42 Jüdische Kultusvereinigung zu Berlin e.V. http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58164 "Despair," a drawing by Marie Loewenstein. 2011-10-10 23:00:10 Loewenstein, Maria--(Marie Lilli Margarete),--1894-1982 http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58152 Formal portrait of Richard Sears, United States Military Government in Berlin, Germany. 2011-10-09 15:17:41 http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58188 Letter that served as official discharge papers sent to Marie Loewenstein [Löwenstein in this document] for Dr. Max Loewenstein to leave Wittenauer Heilstätten, Wittenauer Sanatorium. Letter is on official Wittenauer Sanatorium stationary. Max was to be released on April 12, 1942. 2011-10-12 21:22:34 Wittenauer Heilstätten http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58235 Dr. Arthur Ernst Bätge, Henry Lowenstein's maternal grandfather, posed for a formal portrait in Estonia. 2011-10-19 17:07:41 http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58151 Dr. Max Loewenstein in Berlin, Germany after World War II. 2011-10-09 14:49:03 http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58150 Framed drawing of Dr. Max Loewenstein drawn by Marie Loewenstein. 2011-10-09 14:39:18 Loewenstein, Maria--(Marie Lilli Margarete),--1894-1982 http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58227 Max Loewenstein's embarkation card for the SS Marine Perch, sail date June 18, 1946, includes accommodations. 2011-10-18 11:31:18 United States Lines Company http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58229 Embarkation instructions sent to Henry Lowenstein to prepare for his passage on the SS Marine Falcon from Southampton, England to the United States. This is a general letter sent to all passengers with the name "Mr. E. Lowenstein" penciled at the top and a square stamp that says "J.D. Hewett & Co., Travel Agents, 109, Jermyn Street., London, S.W.1." Instructions include how to get to Southhampton, how to deal with baggage, freight, and pets, what paperwork must be brought on the ship, and a reminder that only American currency will be accepted on the ship. Finally, the name and contact information of the United States Line is at the top of the page and the port agents' information is at the bottom. 2011-10-18 11:35:45 United States Lines Company http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58202 Envelope with a window front and stamped. Circle with "Berlin N 4, 11.6.42," "2834, J. K. V., N4, Oranienburger Strasse 29," and a square with the Nazi eagle, "003, Deutsche [illegible]." Attributed by the family as the envelope that contained the letter from Georg and Alice Loewenstein in the Lodz Ghetto. 2011-10-12 22:38:10 http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58141 Studio portrait of Erna Eylenburg, daughter of Loewenstein family friends Drs. Ernst and Elisabeth Eylenburg. Erna, at fifteen years old, escaped to France in February 1939. Fifteen months later France fell to Germany, and Erna was never heard from again. The rest of the Eylenburg family, Drs. Ernst and Elisabeth and son Walter, were interned in the Theresienstadt Concentration Camp before dying in the Auschwitz Concentration Camp in 1944. According to In Memoriam - Nederlandse oorlogsslachtoffers, Nederlandse Oorlogsgravenstichting (Dutch War Victims Authority), `s-Gravenhage, she was deported from the Netherlands and murdered at Auschwitz in 1942. 2011-10-05 16:21:37 http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58154 Ernestine and Emil Loewenstein, Henry Lowenstein's paternal grandparents, pose for a formal portrait in Lessen, West Prussia. 2011-10-10 13:49:42 http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58163 Ernst Karl Friedrich Bätge, Henry Lowenstein's maternal great-grandfather, posed for a formal portrait in Tallinn, Estonia. 2011-10-10 22:43:08 http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58238 Framed photograph of Friederike Henriette Goetz Loewenstein, Henry Lowenstein's paternal great-grandmother, posed for a formal portrait in Lessen, West Prussia. 2011-10-19 17:17:51 http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58161 A young Heinrich Loewenstein [Henry Lowenstein]. 2011-10-10 21:17:05 http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58157 Heinrich Loewenstein [Henry Lowenstein] and Ingrid Lind, his cousin, pose together on a sidewalk in Berlin, Germany on May 1, 1939, May Day. May 1 was declared National Labour Day and adopted by the Nazi's as one of their holidays. On May 1, 1939, Hitler and other Nazi Party leaders gave speeches at Berlin's Olympic Stadium and Nazi flags were hung around Berlin. A few days after this photograph was taken Ingrid fled to Denmark. A few weeks after this photograph was taken Heinrich left Germany on the Kindertransport. 2011-10-10 14:29:35 http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58158 Heinrich Loewenstein [Henry Lowenstein] and Karin Steinberg pose together on a sidewalk in Berlin, Germany on May 1, 1939, May Day. May 1 was declared National Labour Day and adopted by the Nazi's as one of their holidays. On May 1, 1939, Hitler and other Nazi Party leaders gave speeches at Berlin's Olympic Stadium and Nazi flags were hung around Berlin. A few weeks after this photograph was taken Heinrich left Germany on the Kindertransport. 2011-10-10 14:45:11 http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58155 Class photograph of a group of school boys pose around a teacher in the courtyard of the Wilsnacker Strasse Jewish School in Berlin, Germany. Heinrich Loewenstein [Henry Lowenstein] kneels third from the left in the front row. The Jewish community in Berlin established the school in an abandoned apartment building on Wilsnacker Strasse after a 1937 decree that forbid Jewish children to attend German schools. The Wilsnacker Strasse school was the last Jewish school in Berlin. 2011-10-10 14:08:50 http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58169 Identification card issued by the Polizeipräsident in Berlin, the Gestapo, to Heinrich Loewenstein [Henry Lowenstein] in Berlin, Germany. The issue date is March 31, 1939, and it is valid until March 31, 1944. After Kristallnacht, Jews were required to apply for identification cards. The left side of the interior is a form with blanks labeled issued location, identification number, expiration date, surname, given names, birth date, birthplace, profession, description, and remarks. The right side has a picture of Heinrich, two fingerprints, his signature, and three official Nazi stamps. Front cover says, "Empire Identification Card" with a capital "J" standing for Jew. 2011-10-12 13:45:04 Prussia (Germany).--Polizeipräsident in Berlin http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58196 Household identification card issued by the Berlin government to Dr. Max Israel Loewenstein to be presented when redeeming ration cards. Front cover is filled out by hand with Max's full name and address. A large, red "J" marks this ID card as for a Jewish household. Inside of the card has blanks to be filled in when ration cards are redeemed. Five lines have been stamped and filled in, dated in 1945. A large, red "J" on each page marks this ID card as for a Jewish household. Jews received half the amount of rations as did non-Jews. 2011-10-12 22:08:49 http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58195 Household identification card issued by the Berlin government to Dr. Max Israel Loewenstein to be presented when redeeming ration cards. Front cover is filled out by hand with Max's full name and address. A large, red "J" marks this ID card as for a Jewish household. Inside of the card has blanks to be filled in when ration cards are redeemed. Six lines have been stamped and filled in, dated in 1945. A large, red "J" on each page marks this identification card as for a Jewish household. Jews received half the amount of rations as did non-Jews. 2011-10-12 22:04:45 http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58165 "HUNGER," a drawing by Marie Loewenstein. Marie drew this picture of her daughter Karin Steinberg on a piece of scrap paper with a bit of burnt wood from bomb damage. 2011-10-10 23:11:31 Loewenstein, Maria--(Marie Lilli Margarete),--1894-1982 http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58228 Information card with "International Rescue and Relief Committee, Suite 902, 103 Park Ave., N.Y. 11, N.Y." stamped on the front and "Loewenstein, Maria, Tel. Lexington 2-7916" typed on the front of an index sized card. 2011-10-18 11:33:13 International Rescue and Relief Committee http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58166 "JOB," a drawing by Marie Loewenstein. 2011-10-10 23:31:50 Loewenstein, Maria--(Marie Lilli Margarete),--1894-1982 http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58146 Left to right: Karin Steinberg and Monica sit on a park bench with their arms around each other. Monica moved in with the Loewenstein family after her Jewish mother died as her father was a Nazi. She later committed suicide. 2011-10-09 12:46:44 http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58172 Letter from the Jewish Welfare and Youth Welfare Office in Berlin notifying the Loewensteins of Heinrich Loewenstein's [Henry Lowenstein, written in this letter as Ernst] place on the Kindertransport. The letter contains the date, time, and location of departure of the transport and Heinrich's permit number. Translation by Henry Loewenstein: "Jewish Welfare and Children's Care Organization, May 25, 1939. We notify you herewith that the transport to England in which your child Ernst is to participate will leave soon on June 5, 1939. Meeting location: Monday, June 5, 1939 7:00 am Schlesischer Bahnhof (RR Station) Breslauer Street Entrance Special Waiting Room The permit number of your child is 6061 Respectfully, Jewish Welfare and Children's Signed Silbermann" 2011-10-12 14:02:30 Jüdische Wohlfahrts-und Jugendpflegestelle http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58190 Laundry receipt from W. Spindler, Berlin, Germany used by Marie Loewenstein to prove residency in a Jewish classified household. Front of the receipt is dated and has the order information along with the order confirmation and delivery conditions. Back of the receipt has the continuation of the delivery conditions and the insurance conditions. 2011-10-12 21:31:16 W. Spindler A.G. http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58170 Letter on Hampstead Garden Suburb Care Committee for Refugee Children letterhead addressed to Dr. Max Loewenstein. The letter informed Dr. Max Loewenstein the committee had guaranteed a place for Heinrich Loewenstein [Henry Lowenstein] on the Kindertransport. If further states that Heinrich's paperwork was received on February 20, 1939 and that the committee will deal with the German authorities. The English Parliament passed a law permitting German Jewish children to settle in England and the Care Committee organized the Kindertransport. 2011-10-12 13:50:55 Hampstead Garden Suburb Care Committee for Refugee Children http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58173 Undated letter addressed to Dr. Max Loewenstein from the "Hampstead Garden Suburb Care Committee for Refugee Children, associated with, The World Movement for the Care of Children from Germany. (British inter-aid Committee)." This letter informs the Loewensteins that they can send clothing to Heinrich Loewenstein [Henry Lowenstein] in packages weighing less than 10 kilos to an address included in the letter through the British Post. The letter is signed by the secretary of the committee. 2011-10-12 14:06:49 Hampstead Garden Suburb Care Committee for Refugee Children http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58168 Letter from the American General Consulate in Berlin to Max Loewenstein assigning the family reserve numbers. The reserve numbers were their place on the waiting list to apply for admission to the United States. Reserve numbers 8960, 8961, and 8962 meant they would be allowed to apply for a visa sometime in 1943 or 1944. 2011-10-12 13:39:10 United States.--Consulate General (Berlin, Germany) http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58176 Letter from Reichsvereinigung der Juden in Deutschland.--Abteilung Wanderung, the Reich Association of Jews in Germany Aid Agency, to Dr. Max Loewenstein informing him that they have contacted friends in New York and Sao Paulo but are still waiting for help for the Loewensteins to emigrate. This Association was a front for the Nazis to deport Jews. Once the Association staff had served their purpose, they were transported to concentration camps. Translation from Henry Lowenstein: "Association of Jews in Germany, Immigration Division Assistance Association From the Reich’s Minister, According to the regulation of 31.10.1924 #117781, for community use of immigration assistance for the Jewish emigration Berlin, August 1, 1940 Dear Dr. Loewenstein, Regarding the interview with your wife in April of this year, we inform you herewith that we contacted our friends in New York and Sao Paulo on the same day and have not received any reply regarding this matter. We have taken steps to bring it to the attention of our friends and won’t fail to follow up to inform you it we hear anything. Signed, Association of Jews in Germany, The Immigration Division, Assistance Association From the Reich’s Minister, Dora Sara Lichtenstein" 2011-10-12 15:38:18 Reichsvereinigung der Juden in Deutschland.--Abteilung Wanderung http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58177 Letter admitting Dr. Max Loewenstein into Wittenauer Heilstätten, Wittenauer Sanatorium, written on Wittenauer Sanatorium letterhead, addressed to Marie Loewenstein. This letter also promises transfer of the family's ration cards to her. Ration cards listed are for food, an ID card, household goods, and clothing. Shortly after Max Loewenstein was admitted, the Nazis began a major roundup of Berlin's Jews to send them to the Eastern European ghettos and concentration camps. 2011-10-12 15:42:15 Wittenauer Heilstätten http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58237 Framed photograph of Levin Loewenstein, Henry Lowenstein's paternal great-grandfather, posed for a formal portrait in Lessen, West Prussia. 2011-10-19 17:17:21 http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58167 Photocopy of citizenship papers issued to Levin Loewenstein [Henry Lowenstein's great grandfather] by the Royal Prussian Town of Lessen granting him Prussian citizenship. The certificate spells out the duties and obligations of a citizen and confers the protection of the Kingdom of Prussia. 2011-10-12 12:31:13 Lessen (Prussia (Germany)).--Magistrat http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58159 Left to right: Heinrich Loewenstein [Henry Lowenstein], Karin Steinberg, Max "Vatchen" Loewenstein, and Marie "Mautzy" Loewenstein pose for a family portrait in Berlin, Germany shortly before Heinrich left for England on the Kindertransport. 2011-10-10 20:25:43 http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58153 Left to right: Heinrich Loewenstein [Henry Lowenstein], Karin Steinberg, Max "Vatchen" Loewenstein, and Marie "Mautzy" Loewenstein pose for a family portrait in Berlin, Germany shortly before Heinrich left for England on the Kindertransport. 2011-10-10 13:23:49 http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58149 Left to right standing: Max Loewenstein, Alice Loewenstein, Marie Loewenstein, and Georg Loewenstein and, sitting in front, Ernestine Goetz Loewenstein "Grandma Omchen" pose together in front of a house, Berlin, Germany. 2011-10-09 14:08:42 http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58139 Left to right: Max Loewenstein, Heinrich Loewenstein [Henry Lowenstein], Karin Steinberg, and Marie Loewenstein posed for a family portrait. 2011-10-04 16:07:24 http://adr.coalliance.org/codu/fez/view/codu:58138 A young Marie Lilli Margarete Bätge Steinberg, Henry Lowenstein's mother, posed for a formal portrait. 2011-10-04 15:36:16